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The Ontology for the Transmission and Re-Use of Argumentative Patterns (OTRA) allows to explicitly represent connections between texts and arguments. OTRA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Created by Jacob Langeloh, based on HDN by Carlo Meghini, Valentina Bartalesi, Daniele Metilli, Filippo Benedetti and on the SAWS ontology by Anna Jordanous (knowledge modelling and CTS), Faith Lawrence, Keith Lawrence (developers) and Charlotte Tupman. Date: 2024-06-24

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Classes

E18 Physical Thing

Description

Physical Thing as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E19 Physical Object

Subclass of	E18 Physical Thing
Description	Physical Object as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E1 CRM Entity

Description

CRM Entity as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E20 Biological Object

Subclass of	E19 Physical Object
Description	Biological Object as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E33 Linguistic Object

Description

Linguistic Object as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E36 Visual Item

Subclass of	E33 Linguistic Object
Description	Visual Item as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E39 Actor

Description

Actor as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E4 Period

Description

Period as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E52 Time-Span

Description

Time-Span as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E53 Place

Description

Place as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E54 Dimension

Description

Dimension as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E55 Type

Description

Type as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E5 Event

Description

Event as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E70 Thing

Description

Thing as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E71 Human-Made Thing

Subclass of	E70 Thing
Description	Human-Made Thing as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E73 Information Object

Description

Information Object as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E89 Propositional Object

Description

Propositional Object as defined by CIDOC CRM.

E90 Symbolic Object

Description

Symbolic Object as defined by CIDOC CRM.

External Support

Subclass of

Connective Claim

Loci Paralleli

Subclass of	Connective Claim
Description	General class to express that a text fragment bears similarity to another thing.

Position

Description

Position as defined in HDN.

Reference

Equivalent Class

Connective Claim

Sentence

Description

Sentence as defined in HDN.

Subject-Object Relationship

Description

Subject-Object Relationship as defined in HDN.

Text Fragment

Description

Text Fragment as defined in HDN.

Citation Signalling

Subclass of	E55 Type
Description	Denotes the type of textual signalling, i.e. whether or not the text tells us it is referring to something external of itself.

Claim

Subclass of	E73 Information Object
Description	A speech act that includes assertion by the speaker that they consider this utterance to be true.

Comment

Subclass of	Connective Claim
Description	Comment added by an editor which connects the subject to a certain interpretation without pointing to an external resource.

Connective Claim

Subclass of	Claim
Description	A Connective Claim proposes that "knowledge about x can be enriched through considering y", where x is the subject of the claim (generally a text passage) and y is the object of the claim (a text passage, a motif, a location).
Equivalent Class	Reference

Parallel Type

Subclass of	E55 Type
Description	Further specifies a Textual or Topical Parallel by assigning it a type. The type usually states how close the subject and the object are to each other from 'Verbatim', i.e. word-for-word identical, to a 'LooseRendering', which makes them very different.

Parallel in Other Language

Subclass of	Textual Parallel
Description	Subcategory of a Textual Parallel which signifies that the object (the text where the connection is drawn towards) is in another language than the subject (the text the connection is drawn from).

Parallel in Same Language

Subclass of	Textual Parallel
Description	Subcategory of a Textual Parallel which signifies that the object (the text where the connection is drawn towards) is in the same language as the subject (the text the connection is drawn from).

Rendering of Text

Subclass of	Parallel in Same Language
Description	Subclass of a Textual parallel in the same language, which indicates that something is expressed "in a related but different way".

Statement

Subclass of	F1 Work
Description	General, abstracted type of discursive statements, e.g., "Muhammad was not a true prophet" or "Jesus was not truly crucified", which can be realized in different concrete formulations.

Statement Expression

Subclass of	F2 Expression
Description	A concrete expression of an argument Archetype. Realized in statement formulations.

Textual Parallel

Subclass of	Loci Paralleli
Description	Subclass of a Connective Claim that indicates some textual similarity between the subject and the object, which can be specified by further subclasses and type assignments.

Topical Parallel

Subclass of	Loci Paralleli
Description	Type of Connective Claim that signals a Topical Parallel between the subject and the object that thereby claims no textual overlap. Most Textual Parallels will also be Topical Parallels, but not vice versa.

Variant of Text

Subclass of	Version of Text
Description	Subclass of Textual Version that indicates how closely related two passages of text are. Aligned with the SAWS predicate "isVariantOf".

Verbatim of Text

Subclass of	Parallel Type
Description	Type of Textual Parallel that indicates a very close connection between subject and object. Aligned with the SAWS predicates "isVerbatimOfText".

Version of Text

Subclass of	Textual Parallel
Description	Subclass of a Textual Parallel that is aligned with the SAWS predicate "isVersionOf".

Explicit Signalling

Subclass of	Citation Signalling
Description	Subclass of Citation Signalling, which indicates that the author of a text makes it explicit that some citation or re-use is happening. Can be further specified by types.

Object Properties

hasBeginning

Description	Beginning of a temporal entity.
Range	hasTime

hasEnd

Description	End of a temporal entity.
Range	hasTime

hasTime

Description

Supports the association of a temporal entity (instant or interval) to any thing.

fromPosition

Domain	Text Fragment
Range	Position
Description	From Position as defined in HDN.

hasRefObject

Subproperty of	P129 is about
Domain	Reference
Range	E1 CRM Entity
Description	Object of a Connective Claim, i.e. the propositional content that helps to understand the subject.

hasRefSubjObj

Subproperty of	P2 has type
Domain	Reference
Range	Subject-Object Relationship

hasRefSubject

Subproperty of	P46 is composed of
Domain	Reference
Range	E90 Symbolic Object
Description	The subject of a Connective Claim is a propositional object, usually a textual passage, that can be better understood by consulting the object, which can be another text passage, a motif, a person, and more.

hasSource

Subproperty of	P129i is subject of
Domain	Reference
Range	Sentence
Description	Source that is establishing the Connective Claim, which links a subject to an explanative object.

positionUnit

Subproperty of	R70 has dimension
Domain	Position
Range	F2 Expression

toPosition

Domain	Text Fragment
Range	Position
Description	Signals the ending position of a text unit.

asserted as a connection

Inverse of	was asserted as a connection by
Domain	E1 CRM Entity
Range	Connective Claim
Description	Records who asserted a certain Connective Claim.

hasParallelType

Subproperty of	P2 has type
Inverse of	is parallel type of
Domain	Connective Claim
Range	Parallel Type
Description	Further specifies a Textual or Topica Parallel by giving it a type, such as "Verbatim", or "LooseRendering".

has Signalling Object

Inverse of	is signalling object of
Domain	Connective Claim
Range	owl:Thing
Description	Specifies what object the signalling of a Connective Claim refers to, e.g., "Jesus", "The Bible", "some person", or "some book".

Has Signalling Type

Subproperty of	P2 has type
Inverse of	is signalling type of
Domain	Connective Claim
Range	Citation Signalling
Description	Links a Connective Claim to a specific kind of signalling. Signalling indicates whether and how the subject makes clear that it re-uses or cites another text.

is Parallel Type Of

Subproperty of	P2i is type of
Domain	Parallel Type
Range	Connective Claim
Description	Signifies that a certain Parallel Type is the type of a specific Connective Claim.

is Signalling Object Of

Domain	owl:Thing
Range	Connective Claim
Description	Affirms to which Connective Claim a signalling object belongs.

is Signalling Type Of

Subproperty of	P2i is type of
Domain	Citation Signalling
Range	Connective Claim
Description	Specifies which Connective Claim a Signalling Type typifies.

was asserted as a connection by

Domain	Connective Claim
Range	E1 CRM Entity
Description	Basic predicate to link a Connective Claim to its act of creation, often the publication of a researcher.

Data Properties

has claim text

Description	Gives the text that establishes a connective claim.
Domain	Connective Claim
Range	String

has explicit

Description	Marks the last few words of a textual unit.
Domain	Conceptual Object
Range	String

has incipit

Description	Marks the first few words of a text fragment.
Domain	Conceptual Object
Range	String

has ref text

Description	Gives the text that is assigned to the reference within the text itself.
Domain	Connective Claim
Range	String

has signalling text

Description	Gives the part of the main text that signals the reference.
Domain	Connective Claim
Range	String

positionOffset

Description	Position Offset as defined in HDN.
Domain	Position
Range	Integer

Metadata Classes E18 Physical Thing E19 Physical Object E1 CRM Entity E20 Biological Object E33 Linguistic Object E36 Visual Item E39 Actor E4 Period E52 Time-Span E53 Place E54 Dimension E55 Type E5 Event E70 Thing E71 Human-Made Thing E73 Information Object E89 Propositional Object E90 Symbolic Object External Support Loci Paralleli Position Reference Sentence Subject-Object Relationship Text Fragment Citation Signalling Claim Comment Connective Claim Parallel Type Parallel in Other Language Parallel in Same Language Rendering of Text Statement Statement Expression Textual Parallel Topical Parallel Variant of Text Verbatim of Text Version of Text Explicit Signalling Object Properties hasBeginning hasEnd hasTime fromPosition hasRefObject hasRefSubjObj hasRefSubject hasSource positionUnit toPosition asserted as a connection hasParallelType hasSignallingObject hasSignallingType isParallelTypeOf isSignallingObjectOf isSignallingTypeOf was asserted as a connection by Data Properties has claim text has explicit has incipit has ref text has signalling text positionOffset